What can be a significant risk if insulin dosage is not adjusted during illness?

When insulin dosage is not adjusted during illness, the patient is at a significant risk of developing diabetic ketoacidosis or experiencing severe hypoglycemia. Illness can cause fluctuations in blood glucose levels due to factors such as stress hormones, changes in appetite, and variations in activity levels.

When a person is ill, their body often requires different insulin management. For instance, infections or illnesses can lead to increased glucose production in the liver and reduced insulin sensitivity, which may result in elevated blood glucose levels. If insulin dosages are not carefully monitored and adjusted, this can lead to diabetic ketoacidosis—a serious condition characterized by high blood sugar levels, ketone production, and potential metabolic acidosis. Conversely, some illnesses may cause reduced food intake and increased risks of hypoglycemia, especially if insulin doses are not decreased appropriately.

Proper management of insulin during periods of illness is crucial for maintaining stable blood glucose levels and preventing these serious complications. This highlights the critical importance of regular monitoring and adjustment of medication as health circumstances change.