What is the primary function of the islets of Langerhans?

The primary function of the islets of Langerhans is to produce hormones. These specialized clusters of cells, located in the pancreas, play a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels in the body. They consist of different types of cells, including alpha cells that produce glucagon, and beta cells that produce insulin.

Insulin is essential for lowering blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells, while glucagon works to raise blood sugar levels when they decline too much. This hormonal balance is vital for maintaining homeostasis in the body, ensuring that cells receive the energy they need to function properly. The islets of Langerhans are integral to the endocrine system, regulating metabolism and responding to changes in blood sugar levels.

In contrast, the other options pertain to different functions within the body. Transporting oxygen is primarily the function of red blood cells and the respiratory system. Digestion of food is mainly handled by the digestive system, involving various organs that break down food into nutrients. Filtering blood is a role associated with the kidneys and the urinary system, which remove waste and excess substances from the bloodstream.